Kai. Bapuso. N. Z. Marathe Vidhayak Sanstha
Tal-Thalner Dis- Dhule
Intellectual Disability
It is generally known as ID (Intellectual Disability). Intellectual Disability refers to substantial limitations in present functioning. It starts before the age of 18 and is characterized by significantly sub-average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations.
It is applicable in the following adaptive skill areas:
- Communication
- Self Care
- Home Living
- Social Skills
- Community Use
- Self Direction
- Health and Safety
- Functional Academics
- Work
It is generally defined by an IQ below 70%.
Mental Retardation (MR) is classified into four categories:
- Mild MR – 50-69%
- Moderate MR – 35-49%
- Severe MR – 21-34%
- Profound MR – 0-20%
It becomes apparent during childhood and involves deficits in Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
Causes: Genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems at birth, exposure to certain diseases or toxins, iodine deficiency, and malnutrition.
Management: Many psychologists can help treat Intellectual Disability through behaviour modification, special education, and training in Activities of Daily Living (ADL).